Second, if you have a choice, and aren't an experienced programmer or don't have access to an experienced programmer (ideally in PHP and Java), pick another cart. Magento is well engineered, but it was engineered to be a shopping cart solution that other programmers can build modules on top of. It was not engineered to be easily understood by people who are smart, but aren't programmers.

第三，Magento MVC 與 Ruby on Rails 有很大不同，Django, CodeIgniter、CakePHP 等流行的MVC模型與這些天的 PHP 開(kāi)發(fā)人員.我認(rèn)為它基于 Zend 模型，并且整個(gè)過(guò)程非常類似于 Java OOP.您需要關(guān)注兩個(gè)控制器.模塊/frontName 控制器，然后是 MVC 控制器.

Third, Magento MVC is very different from the Ruby on Rails, Django, CodeIgniter, CakePHP, etc. MVC model that's popular with PHP developers these days. I think it's based on the Zend model, and the whole thing is very Java OOP-like. There's two controllers you need to be concerned about. The module/frontName controller, and then the MVC controller.

第四，Magento 應(yīng)用程序本身是使用您將使用的相同模塊系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建的，因此探索核心代碼是一種有用的學(xué)習(xí)策略.此外，您將使用 Magento 做的很多事情是覆蓋現(xiàn)有的類.我在這里介紹的是創(chuàng)建新功能，而不是覆蓋.在查看代碼示例時(shí)請(qǐng)記住這一點(diǎn).

Fourth, the Magento application itself is built using the same module system you'll be using, so poking around the core code is a useful learning tactic. Also, a lot of what you'll be doing with Magento is overriding existing classes. What I'm covering here is creating new functionality, not overriding. Keep this in mind when you're looking at the code samples out there.

我將從您的第一個(gè)問(wèn)題開(kāi)始，向您展示如何設(shè)置控制器/路由器以響應(yīng)特定 URL.這將是一本小小說(shuō).稍后我可能有時(shí)間討論模型/模板相關(guān)主題，但現(xiàn)在，我沒(méi)有.不過(guò)，我將簡(jiǎn)要談?wù)勀?SQL 問(wèn)題.

I'm going to start with your first question, showing you how to setup a controller/router to respond to a specific URL. This will be a small novel. I might have time later for the model/template related topics, but for now, I don't. I will, however, briefly speak to your SQL question.

Magento 使用 EAV 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)架構(gòu).只要有可能，嘗試使用系統(tǒng)提供的模型對(duì)象來(lái)獲取您需要的信息.我知道 SQL 表中都有，但最好不要考慮使用原始 SQL 查詢獲取數(shù)據(jù)，否則你會(huì)發(fā)瘋.

Magento uses an EAV database architecture. Whenever possible, try to use the model objects the system provides to get the information you need. I know it's all there in the SQL tables, but it's best not to think of grabbing data using raw SQL queries, or you'll go mad.

最終免責(zé)聲明.我已經(jīng)使用 Magento 大約兩三個(gè)星期了，所以請(qǐng)注意空客.這是一個(gè)練習(xí)，可以讓我清楚地了解這一點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也可以幫助 StackOverflow.

Final disclaimer. I've been using Magento for about two or three weeks, so caveat emptor. This is an exercise to get this straight in my head as much as it is to help Stack Overflow.

Magento 的所有添加和定制都是通過(guò)模塊完成的.因此，您需要做的第一件事是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新模塊.在 app/modules 中創(chuàng)建一個(gè) XML 文件，命名如下

All additions and customizations to Magento are done through modules. So, the first thing you'll need to do is create a new module. Create an XML file in app/modules named as follows

cd /path/to/store/app
touch etc/modules/MyCompanyName_HelloWorld.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config>
     <modules>
        <MyCompanyName_HelloWorld>
            <active>true</active>
            <codePool>local</codePool>
        </MyCompanyName_HelloWorld>
     </modules>
</config>

MyCompanyName 是您修改的唯一命名空間，它不必是您公司的名稱，而是推薦的約定我的 magento.HelloWorld 是您的模塊的名稱.

MyCompanyName is a unique namespace for your modifications, it doesn't have to be your company's name, but that the recommended convention my magento. HelloWorld is the name of your module.

現(xiàn)在模塊文件已經(jīng)就位，我們需要讓 Magento 知道它(并檢查我們的工作).在管理應(yīng)用程序中

Now that the module file is in place, we'll need to let Magento know about it (and check our work). In the admin application

1. 進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)->緩存管理
2. 從所有緩存"菜單中選擇刷新"
3. 點(diǎn)擊保存緩存設(shè)置

現(xiàn)在，我們確保 Magento 知道該模塊

Now, we make sure that Magento knows about the module

1. 進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)->配置
2. 點(diǎn)擊高級(jí)
3. 在禁用模塊輸出"設(shè)置框中，查找名為MyCompanyName_HelloWorld"的新模塊

如果您可以忍受性能下降，您可能需要在開(kāi)發(fā)/學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)關(guān)閉應(yīng)用程序緩存.沒(méi)有什么比忘記清除緩存并想知道為什么您的更改沒(méi)有顯示更令人沮喪的了.

If you can live with the performance slow down, you might want to turn off the application cache while developing/learning. Nothing is more frustrating then forgetting the clear out the cache and wondering why your changes aren't showing up.

接下來(lái)，我們需要為模塊設(shè)置一個(gè)目錄結(jié)構(gòu).您不需要所有這些目錄，但現(xiàn)在將它們?nèi)吭O(shè)置好也無(wú)妨.

Next, we'll need to setup a directory structure for the module. You won't need all these directories, but there's no harm in setting them all up now.

mkdir -p app/code/local/MyCompanyName/HelloWorld/Block
mkdir -p app/code/local/MyCompanyName/HelloWorld/controllers
mkdir -p app/code/local/MyCompanyName/HelloWorld/Model
mkdir -p app/code/local/MyCompanyName/HelloWorld/Helper
mkdir -p app/code/local/MyCompanyName/HelloWorld/etc
mkdir -p app/code/local/MyCompanyName/HelloWorld/sql

并添加配置文件

touch app/code/local/MyCompanyName/HelloWorld/etc/config.xml

并在配置文件中添加以下內(nèi)容，這實(shí)際上是一個(gè)空白"配置.

and inside the configuration file, add the following, which is essentially a "blank" configuration.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config>
    <modules>
        <MyCompanyName_HelloWorld>
            <version>0.1.0</version>
        </MyCompanyName_HelloWorld>
    </modules>
</config>

過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單的事情，這個(gè)配置文件會(huì)讓你告訴 Magento 你想運(yùn)行什么代碼.

Oversimplifying things, this configuration file will let you tell Magento what code you want to run.

接下來(lái)，我們需要設(shè)置模塊的路由器.這會(huì)讓系統(tǒng)知道我們正在以

Next, we need to setup the module's routers. This will let the system know that we're handling any URLs in the form of

http://example.com/magento/index.php/helloworld

因此，在您的配置文件中，添加以下部分.

So, in your configuration file, add the following section.

<config>
<!-- ... -->
    <frontend>
        <routers>
            <!-- the <helloworld> tagname appears to be arbitrary, but by
            convention is should match the frontName tag below-->
            <helloworld>
                <use>standard</use>
                <args>
                    <module>MyCompanyName_HelloWorld</module>
                    <frontName>helloworld</frontName>
                </args>
            </helloworld>
        </routers>
    </frontend>
<!-- ... -->
</config>

你在這里說(shuō)的是任何帶有 helloworld 的 frontName 的 URL ......

What you're saying here is "any URL with the frontName of helloworld ...

http://example.com/magento/index.php/helloworld

應(yīng)該使用 frontName 控制器 MyCompanyName_HelloWorld".

should use the frontName controller MyCompanyName_HelloWorld".

所以，有了上面的配置，當(dāng)你加載上面的helloworld頁(yè)面時(shí)，你會(huì)得到一個(gè)404頁(yè)面.那是因?yàn)槲覀冞€沒(méi)有為我們的控制器創(chuàng)建文件.讓我們現(xiàn)在就這樣做.

So, with the above configuration in place, when you load the helloworld page above, you'll get a 404 page. That's because we haven't created a file for our controller. Let's do that now.

touch app/code/local/MyCompanyName/HelloWorld/controllers/IndexController.php

現(xiàn)在嘗試加載頁(yè)面.進(jìn)步！你會(huì)得到一個(gè) PHP/Magento 異常，而不是 404

Now try loading the page. Progress! Instead of a 404, you'll get a PHP/Magento exception

Controller file was loaded but class does not exist

所以，打開(kāi)我們剛剛創(chuàng)建的文件，并粘貼以下代碼.類的名稱需要基于您在路由器中提供的名稱.

So, open the file we just created, and paste in the following code. The name of the class needs to be based on the name you provided in your router.

<?php
class MyCompanyName_HelloWorld_IndexController extends Mage_Core_Controller_Front_Action{
    public function indexAction(){
        echo "We're echoing just to show that this is what's called, normally you'd have some kind of redirect going on here";
    }
}

我們剛剛設(shè)置的是模塊/frontName 控制器.這是默認(rèn)控制器和模塊的默認(rèn)操作.如果你想添加控制器或動(dòng)作，你必須記住，Magento URL 的樹(shù)的第一部分是不可變的，它們總是這樣 http://example.com/magento/index.php/frontName/controllerName/actionName

What we've just setup is the module/frontName controller. This is the default controller and the default action of the module. If you want to add controllers or actions, you have to remember that the tree first part of a Magento URL are immutable they will always go this way http://example.com/magento/index.php/frontName/controllerName/actionName

所以如果你想匹配這個(gè)url

So if you want to match this url

http://example.com/magento/index.php/helloworld/foo

你必須有一個(gè) FooController，你可以這樣做:

You will have to have a FooController, which you can do this way :

touch app/code/local/MyCompanyName/HelloWorld/controllers/FooController.php

<?php
class MyCompanyName_HelloWorld_FooController extends Mage_Core_Controller_Front_Action{
    public function indexAction(){
        echo 'Foo Index Action';
    }

    public function addAction(){
        echo 'Foo add Action';
    }

    public function deleteAction(){
        echo 'Foo delete Action';
    }
}

請(qǐng)注意，默認(rèn)控制器 IndexController 和默認(rèn)操作 indexAction 可以是隱式的，但如果后面有東西，則必須是顯式的.所以 http://example.com/magento/index.php/helloworld/foo 將匹配控制器 FooController 和操作 indexAction 而不是 IndexController 的操作 fooAction.如果你想要一個(gè) fooAction，在控制器 IndexController 中，你必須像這樣顯式調(diào)用這個(gè)控制器:http://example.com/magento/index.php/helloworld/index/foo 因?yàn)?url 的第二部分是并且永遠(yuǎn)是 controllerName.此行為是 Magento 中捆綁的 Zend 框架的繼承.

Please note that the default controller IndexController and the default action indexAction can by implicit but have to be explicit if something come after it. So http://example.com/magento/index.php/helloworld/foo will match the controller FooController and the action indexAction and NOT the action fooAction of the IndexController. If you want to have a fooAction, in the controller IndexController you then have to call this controller explicitly like this way : http://example.com/magento/index.php/helloworld/index/foo because the second part of the url is and will always be the controllerName. This behaviour is an inheritance of the Zend Framework bundled in Magento.

您現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該可以點(diǎn)擊以下 URL 并查看您的 echo 語(yǔ)句的結(jié)果

You should now be able to hit the following URLs and see the results of your echo statements

http://example.com/magento/index.php/helloworld/foo
http://example.com/magento/index.php/helloworld/foo/add
http://example.com/magento/index.php/helloworld/foo/delete

所以，這應(yīng)該讓你對(duì) Magento 如何調(diào)度到控制器有一個(gè)基本的了解.從這里開(kāi)始，我建議查看現(xiàn)有的 Magento 控制器類，看看應(yīng)該如何使用模型和模板/布局系統(tǒng).

So, that should give you a basic idea on how Magento dispatches to a controller. From here I'd recommended poking at the existing Magento controller classes to see how models and the template/layout system should be used.

這篇關(guān)于如何在 Magento 中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的“Hello World"模塊?的文章就介紹到這了，希望我們推薦的答案對(duì)大家有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持html5模板網(wǎng)！